In what fields are Expert Systems typically utilized?

Expert Systems are typically utilized in fields where complex decision-making and problem-solving are integral to the operations and can benefit from the incorporation of knowledge-based systems. In particular, the field of financial services relies heavily on expert systems for credit scoring, risk assessment, investment advice, and fraud detection, relying on vast amounts of data and defined rules to make informed decisions quickly.

In healthcare, expert systems assist in diagnostics, treatment planning, and patient management, utilizing medical knowledge to support healthcare professionals in delivering accurate care. Engineering also leverages expert systems for design, troubleshooting, and optimization tasks, helping engineers make decisions based on a wealth of technical knowledge and practices.

These fields are characterized by a need for specialized knowledge and the ability to simulate human decision-making processes, which is precisely where expert systems excel. This is in contrast to areas like fashion and retail, or entertainment and hospitality, which do not typically use expert systems for decision-making processes to the same depth. Lastly, while construction may involve some level of decision support, it does not utilize expert systems at the same complexity or frequency as financial services, healthcare, and engineering.