Which jurisdiction does NOT use a risk-based approach for governing AI systems?

The answer identifies China as the jurisdiction that does not primarily use a risk-based approach for governing AI systems. In contrast to frameworks in Australia, the EU, and Canada, which often emphasize risk assessment and management principles to tailor regulations according to the potential impact of AI technologies, China's approach to AI governance is more centralized and prescriptive.

China implements strict regulations that focus on controlling and monitoring AI development and deployment rather than assessing risks on a case-by-case basis. This includes comprehensive frameworks that emphasize state control and dictate specific outcomes without the flexibility of adapting regulations based on the assessed risks associated with different AI applications. Such an approach reflects a broader strategy around governance that prioritizes national security and social stability over the nuanced risk-based methodologies seen in other jurisdictions.

The risk-based frameworks utilized in Australia, the EU, and Canada allow for a more adaptive regulatory environment where regulations can scale according to the risk profile of specific AI applications, which is not the case in China's regulatory landscape.