Which task is categorized as a high-risk AI application related to law enforcement?

Profiling individuals for risk assessments is categorized as a high-risk AI application related to law enforcement because it directly impacts individuals' rights, privacy, and potential freedom. This practice involves analyzing personal data to predict behaviors or future actions, which can lead to significant consequences for those being assessed.

In a law enforcement context, inaccurate risk assessments can result in unjust profiling, discrimination, or unwarranted scrutiny of individuals based on algorithmic predictions. Such practices raise ethical concerns regarding bias, transparency, and accountability, as they may rely on historical data that could perpetuate existing inequities. Law enforcement agencies must navigate complex legal and moral landscapes when utilizing AI in these scenarios, highlighting the high-risk nature of such applications.

The other choices, while they can involve AI, do not carry the same level of risk in terms of human rights and their potential to cause harm or injustice. Monitoring social media trends and optimizing traffic light systems are less likely to directly affect individual liberties, and providing customer service, though important, generally relates to operational efficiencies rather than risk assessment of individuals.